TTNPB, 10 mg

From STEMCELL Technologies, this small molecule is a potent and selective activator of the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) within the retinoid pathway. It is an analog of retinoic acid reported to activate RAR with EC₅₀ values of 21 nM (RAR α), 4 nM (RAR β), and 2.4 nM (RAR γ), while not acting on retinoid X receptors and only weakly agonizing the farnesoid X receptor (EC₅₀ > 1 µM). The compound is widely used to study RAR action in processes such as epidermal cell proliferation, embryogenesis, and stem cell differentiation.

In published stem cell research, it has been used in chemical reprogramming protocols — enabling the conversion of mouse embryonic fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells without genetic factors, in combination with CHIR99021, Tranylcypromine, Valproic Acid, 3-Deazaneplanocin A, and RepSox. In differentiation studies, it has induced intermediate mesoderm formation from human or mouse pluripotent stem cells when combined with CHIR99021 or Activin A, and promoted neuronal differentiation in cultured chick caudal neural plate explants. It has also been used in cancer research to induce in vitro growth and differentiation to granulocytes of myeloid progenitors isolated from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients.

Supplied as a crystalline solid with a reported purity of ≥ 98%, the compound has solubility limits of ≤ 280 µM in absolute ethanol and ≤ 5.7 mM in DMSO. For use as a cell culture supplement, the stock solution should be diluted into culture medium immediately before use. The product should be stored at -20°C, protected from prolonged exposure to light, and is for research use only.