Rt Recom TNF-alpha, 50 µg

Rat recombinant TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced primarily by activated T cells and macrophages in response to inflammation and infection, and also by B cells, NK cells, mast cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, microglia, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts. It signals through the NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways, exerts cytotoxic effects on cancerous cells by stimulating anti-tumor immunosuppressive responses, upregulates E- and P-selectins to facilitate adhesion of neutrophils, monocytes, and memory T cells to activated platelets and endothelial cells, and contributes to vasodilatation and edema formation. In adult rat neural progenitor cell studies, TNF-α reduces neurogenesis in dentate gyrus-derived NPCs and promotes astrogliogenesis in subventricular zone-derived NPCs.

Produced by STEMCELL Technologies, this preparation is expressed in P. pastoris, lyophilized after dialysis against phosphate-buffered saline, and has a predicted molecular mass of 17.4 kDa. Alternative names include Cachectin, Cytotoxin, Differentiation-inducing factor (DIF), Necrosin, TNFA, TNFSF2, and Tumor necrosis factor. The specific activity is ≥ 2.0 x 10^7 units/mg (EC50 ≤ 0.05 ng/mL), as determined by a cytotoxicity assay of mouse L929 cells in the presence of actinomycin D. Purity is ≥ 95%, and the endotoxin level is ≤ 0.2 EU/μg protein as measured by kinetic Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) analysis.

Store at -80°C; the product is stable as supplied for 12 months from the date of receipt. Centrifuge the vial before opening and reconstitute in sterile water to at least 0.1 mg/mL by pipetting the solution down the sides of the vial — do not vortex. As a general guide, do not store at 2–8°C for more than 2 weeks or at –20°C for more than 3 months, and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. For research use only; not intended for human or animal diagnostic or therapeutic uses unless otherwise stated.