Anti-Smad2 / 3 Antibody

This polyclonal antibody from Antibodies.com specifically recognizes Smad2 and Smad3, the receptor-regulated Smad proteins that transduce signals from activated TGF-beta receptors into the nucleus. Upon ligand binding to the TGF-beta receptor complex, Smad2 and Smad3 become phosphorylated at their C-terminal SSXS motif, oligomerize with the common-mediator Smad4, and accumulate in the nucleus where they cooperate with DNA-binding cofactors to regulate transcription of target genes controlling proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix production.

Raised in rabbit, the reagent detects endogenous Smad2 and Smad3 across multiple species, with verified reactivity in human, mouse, rat, and monkey samples. Validated applications include Western blot for monitoring total and phospho-Smad2/3 levels in whole-cell lysates, immunohistochemistry for localizing the proteins to nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments in fixed tissue sections, and ELISA for quantitative measurement in biological samples. The polyclonal format recognizes multiple epitopes on each target, increasing sensitivity in samples where Smad2/3 expression is modest or where epitopes may be partially masked by post-translational modifications.

The 100 µl unconjugated format gives laboratories flexibility to conjugate the antibody themselves to HRP, biotin, Alexa Fluor dyes, or magnetic beads, tailoring detection chemistry to the platform of choice. For short-term use, refrigerate; for longer term, aliquot and freeze at -20 °C to limit freeze-thaw damage and preserve antibody titer. Gentle centrifugation before opening the vial is recommended to recover full volume.