Anti-Cytochrome c Antibody

Produced in rabbit as an unconjugated polyclonal reagent, this Antibodies.com antibody targets Cytochrome c, the ~12 kDa heme protein anchored to the mitochondrial intermembrane space where it shuttles electrons between Complex III and Complex IV during oxidative phosphorylation. The same protein drives the intrinsic apoptotic pathway: once mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization occurs, Cytochrome c escapes into the cytosol and assembles the apoptosome with Apaf-1, activating caspase-9 and the downstream caspase cascade. Because of this dual role, Cytochrome c reports on both mitochondrial integrity and programmed cell death across cancer, neurodegeneration, and ischemia-reperfusion research. The antibody is formulated at 1 mg/ml in PBS with 0.1% sodium azide and 50% glycerol, a buffer system that preserves binding activity through standard short-term refrigeration and repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Each vial delivers 100 µl of reagent validated for Western blot and immunohistochemistry applications, with confirmed reactivity toward human, mouse, and rat samples to support parallel comparison across rodent disease models and human tissue specimens. The polyclonal format presents multiple epitopes on a relatively small target, improving signal recovery in denaturing PAGE Western blot and tolerating modest fixation variation in chromogenic IHC on paraffin sections. Unconjugated presentation lets end users pair the reagent with HRP, biotin, or fluorophore labels of their choice, and the glycerol-stabilized solution can be diluted directly into standard blocking buffer. Within apoptosis-focused studies, this reagent reports the upstream mitochondrial release step that precedes caspase-3 cleavage and complements TUNEL-based DNA fragmentation readouts.